Introduction

Dry skin is a prevalent issue. The skin appears rough and flaky as a result. Tight and itchy skin is another symptom of dry skin. There are numerous causes of dry skin. While some factors are apparent, others are unexpected. We’ll talk about the different reasons for dry skin in this article.

Dry Skin: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention
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Causes of Dry Skin

Aging

As we age, our skin secretes less oil. The skin is kept smooth and silky by this oil, known as sebum. Sebum output significantly decreases after the age of 40. Skin that has less oil becomes dry and less radiant.

Skin thinning is another factor contributing to the rise in dry skin as people age. The fat and collagen that provide suppleness to older skin are absent from it. Dryer skin is a result of this natural aging process[1].

Genetics and Skin Type

Some people have an increased chance of developing dry skin from birth. The synthesis of the protein filaggrin, which aids in the formation of the protective skin barrier, can be impacted by specific gene abnormalities.

Those who carry these mutations typically have extremely dry skin. Skin type is another factor. Excessive dryness is more common in those with fair, brown, or black skin than in people with medium skin tones, according to research[2].

Environment

Skin moisture levels can be influenced by the climate where you reside. Dry, windy, and desert environments with low humidity can dehydrate the skin. Forced air heating indoors can also cause skin and air quality to become dry.

Bathing with hard water is an additional environmental factor. Minerals in hard water can deposit a film on the skin that hinders moisturizers from being effectively absorbed.

Bathing Habits

Dryness can result from long, hot baths or showers that remove the skin’s natural oils. Using harsh soaps, detergents, and shampoos that strip the skin and scalp of excessive oil is also an issue.

Showers should ideally be kept to 5–10 minutes and should use warm, not hot, water. As soon as you get out of the shower, hydrate and use mild, fragrance-free cleansers.

Medications and Treatments

Dry skin is listed as a possible side effect of many drugs. Skin dehydration can be caused by statins, diuretics, acne drugs containing salicylic acid or retinol, and some cancer therapies[3].

Lifestyle Factors

Smoking and other habits can hasten the aging and dryness of the skin. This also applies to consuming insufficient amounts of water during the day[4].

Avoiding moisturizer is a clear cause of dry skin. However, certain products’ scent compounds may aggravate dry skin even after diligent hydration.

Health Conditions

Some medical conditions are associated with dry skin problems. These include eczema, psoriasis, diabetes, thyroid disorders, kidney disease, HIV, and nutrient deficiencies.

In some cases, excessively dry skin may be one of the first noticeable symptoms of an underlying condition. See a doctor if intense dryness, redness, or cracking occurs.

Prevention Tips

While you can’t control factors like aging and genetics, you can take steps to prevent dry skin caused by environment and lifestyle:

  • Use a humidifier at home to add moisture to the air
  • Switch to mild, fragrance-free cleansers and moisturizers
  • Moisturize daily, especially after bathing
  • Limit hot showers and harsh products
  • Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water
  • Protect skin from cold, and wind with proper clothing
  • Use creams with ceramides and hyaluronic acid to replenish moisture
  • See a dermatologist if excessive dryness persists
Prevention of Dry Skin

Prevention of Dry Skin

Conclusion

There are numerous possible reasons for dry skin, ranging from well-known ones like aging and dry climates to unexpected ones like hard water and some drugs. Although dryness is frequent, severe occurrences that worsen even with basic skincare practices may indicate a more serious health problem.

Restoring the softness of your skin and reducing cracking, itching, and irritation can be achieved by taking action to determine and treat the root causes of your dry skin. If persistently high levels of dryness occur, consult a dermatologist.

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We review published medical research in respected scientific journals to arrive at our conclusions about a product or health topic. This ensures the highest standard of scientific accuracy.

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MaryBeth Parisi, MD

Dr. MaryBeth Parisi is a board-certified Harvard trained Dermatologist. She has over 18 years of experience in the field of skin care.